Top 10 Must Read Research Papers in January

-by Jon Bergmann-

This month’s top 10 research articles were tough to pick, which is a great problem to have. My first pass had 16 potential candidates for the top 10. So be sure to check out the “Other Notable Studies.” In all, I reviewed 115 studies. So many had surfaced that I wasn’t able to get to all of them in my inbox.

The number one study (#1) this past December is an excellent illustration of what we’ve seen in this column for the past year — that Flipped Learning just plain works. A meta-study of 115 other studies was undertaken and the results highlight that Flipped Learning needs to be adopted whole-scale.

The second series of studies that were amazing showed learning improved when you couple Flipped Learning with artificial intelligence (#2), concept mapping (#4), and gamification (#5 & #6), and add a social dimension to video watching (#3). These illustrate how Flipped Learning is proving to be the operating system of the new educational era. I am especially watching for studies on the intersection of Flipped Learning and Artificial Intelligence because I see AI as a complete disruptor to traditional education.

Other studies demonstrated how Flipped Learning decreases cognitive load in students (#7), and when Flipped Learning includes a change in assessment, magic happens (#8). Assessment and Flipped Learning is an area of considerable interest as I see this as one of the next frontiers in Flipped Learning.

Top 10


#1	Li Cheng and others did a meta-study of Flipped Learning studies. They looked at 115 studies and revealed a “statistically significant effect size (g = 0.193; p < .001; with a 95% confidence interval of 0.113–0.274) in favor of the flipped classroom instructional strategy.” Further, they stated that Flipped Learning works in a wide variety of subjects. This study further corroborates the efficacy of Flipped Learning over a wide range of studies.
#2	Shin Myeong-Hee (South Korea) coupled Flipped Learning with some artificial intelligence tools and found greater impact when used in tandem. This study continues to support Flipped Learning as a meta-strategy and tells us that best-flipped educators are using various tools and techniques to enhance the Flipped Learning outcomes.
#3	Chih-Feng Chien and others explored adding a social dimension to a flipped video to see if it would increase student performance. They based their assumptions on constructivist theories and demonstrated that making a flipped video social was superior to being non-social.
#4	Gwo-Jen Hwang and others (Taiwan) in the British Journal of Educational Technology looked at how adding concept mapping to a flipped class enhanced learning. They discovered a positive correlation in student self-efficacy and learning. This is another study that demonstrates how Flipped Learning is a meta-strategy that supports other active learning strategies.
#5	Vadim Bulitko and others are proposing mixing game-based learning with artificial intelligence using a Flipped Learning approach. This study, though not complete, looks very promising as something that is a new and emerging trend in Flipped Learning.
#6	Lo, Chung-Kwan showed that Flipped Learning coupled with gamification posed significant advantages over just a flipped class and a traditional class with gamification.
#7	Medical school researcher Bushra Nasir (University of Queensland) and others recognized that Flipped Learning reduces student cognitive load. Flipped Learning has been built into the program at their medical school.
#8	Caroline Fell Kurban in the Journal of Interactive Learning Environments discovered that flipping instruction without also rethinking assessment and curriculum provides only modest gains in student performance. When assessment and curriculum are also included, better transformation occurs. This study shows other areas exist where significant change is needed to truly transform our educational system.
#9	Suzanna Maria Zick and others in The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine designed a course to help teach Integrative Oncology (IO). They have created an innovative training course, and instead of testing whether Flipped Learning is the right method, they simply assume it works and then designed the course around Flipped Learning.
#10	Nan Xiao and others (USA) in the Advances in Physiology Journal found that Flipped Learning closed the gap between higher and lower performing dental students.

Other Notable Research

James Greening and others (UK) are teaching diabetes patients using Flipped Learning and finding that patients are more engaged with the content.
Taotao Long and others (China) studied what factors influence university professors to adopt Flipped Learning. They found that those who have a performance expectancy (which means that they believe it will work) and have technology self-efficacy are more likely to be successful in implementing Flipped Learning.
Jin Cai and others looked at reasons Chinese professors continued to use Flipped Learning long term. They discovered that institutional support and personal knowledge regarding technology were the dominant factors.
Pete Whiting in 2015 Science Education News, though not an entirely current researched article, has found that though students prefer teacher-created flipped videos, they performed just as well when using nonteacher-created flipped videos.

Jon Bergmann Bergmann
Jon Bergmann is one of the pioneers of the Flipped Classroom Movement. He is leading the worldwide adoption of flipped learning through the Flipped Learning Global Initiative (FLGI) flglobal.org. He is working with governments, schools, corporations, and education non-profits. Jon has coordinated and guided flipped learning projects around the globe. Locations include: China, Taiwan, Korea, Australia, the Middle East, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Mexico, Canada, South America, and the United States. Jon is the author of nine books including the bestselling book: Flip Your Classroom which has been translated into 13 languages. He is the founder of the global FlipCon conferences which are dynamic engaging events which inspire educators to transform their practice through flipped learning.

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